|
Click
on the style of citation you need.
Book
with one author
Here's what you need:
1. Author's last and first name
2. Title of book
3. City of publication
4. Name of publisher
5. Copyright date
Here's what it looks like:
Jastrow, Robert. Journey to the
Stars: Space Exploration. New York: Bantam,
1989.
TOP OF
PAGE
Book
with two authors
Here's what you need:
1. In alphabetical order: last name,
first name of first author, and first and last name of
second author
2. Title of book
3. City of publication
4. Name of publisher
5. Copyright date
Here's what it looks like:
Chapman, Clark, and David Morris.
Cosmic Catastrophes.New York: Plenum,
1989.
TOP OF
PAGE
Book
with more than two authors
Here's what you need:
1. In alphabetical order: Author's
last and first name and then the abbreviation et
al.
2. Title of book
3. City of publication
4. Name of publisher
5. Copyright date
Here's what it looks like:
Wright, Helen, et al. The Legacy of
George Ellery Hale. Cambridge: MIT Press,
1988.
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PAGE
Book
with an editor
Here's what you need:
1. Editor's last and first name and
then the abbreviation ed.
2. Title of book
3. City of publication
4. Name of publisher
5. Copyright date
Here's what it looks like:
Franklin, Morton S., ed. Astronomy
and Astrophysics. Washington, D.C.: Prentice Hall,
1989.
TOP OF
PAGE
Essay
in a book of essays by the same author
Here's what you need:
1. Author's last and first name
2. Title of essay
3. Title of book
4. City of publication
5. Name of publisher
6. Copyright date
Here's what it looks like:
Howse, Derek. "Navigation and
Astronomy in the Voyages." Background to
Discovery. Berkeley: University of California Press,
1990.
TOP OF
PAGE
Essay
written by one person in a book written/edited by
another
Here's what you need:
1. Essay author's last and first
name
2. Title of essay
3. Title of book
4. Editor of book's first and last name with Ed.
in front of it
5. City of publication
6. Name of publisher
7. Copyright date
Here's what it looks like:
Smith, H.J. "Understanding the
Universe." Cosmic Perspectives. Ed. S.K. Biswas.
New York: Cambridge United Press, 1989.
TOP OF
PAGE
Encyclopedia
article with author's name
Here's what you need:
1. Author's last and first name
2. Title of article
3. Title of encyclopedia
4. Edition year with ed. after it
Here's what it looks like:
Gates, David M. "Astronomy."
Encyclopedia Americana. 1991 ed.
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PAGE
Encyclopedia
article without author's name
Here's what you need:
1. Title of article
2. Title of encyclopedia
3. Edition year with ed. after it
Here's what it looks like:
"Cosmology." World Book
Encyclopedia. 1989 ed.
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PAGE
Article
from a monthly periodical
Here's what you
need:
1. Author's last and
first name
2. Title of article
3. Name of periodical
4. Month and year of publication
5. Page numbers of article
Here's what it looks
like:
Mara, Stephen P.
"Stalking the Extra Solar Planet." Natural History
May 1989: 70-3.
TOP OF
PAGE
Article
from a weekly periodical
Here's what you
need:
1. Author's last and
first name
2. Title of article
3. Name of periodical
4. Day, month and year of publication
5. Page numbers of article
Here's what it looks
like:
Roy, Archie. "Star
Fields." New Scientist 22 April 1989:
73-6.
TOP OF
PAGE
Newspaper
article with author's name
Here's what you
need:
1. Author's last and
first name
2. Title of article (or headline)
3. Name of newspaper
4. Day, month and year of publication
5. Section number or letter
6. Page number of article
Here's what it looks
like:
Browne, Malcolm.
"Astronomical Mystery." Los Angeles Times 9 April
1991, sec. II, 5.
TOP OF
PAGE
Newspaper
article without author's name
Here's what you
need:
1. Title of article
(or headline)
2. Name of newspaper
3. Day, month and year of publication
4. Section number or letter
5. Page number of article
Here's what it looks
like:
"Bright Orange
Fireball in Night Sky." New York Times 7 March 1991, sec.
A, 20.
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PAGE
(WWW)
World Wide Web
Here's what you
need:
1. Last and first name
of author (if available)
2. Title of article
3. Title of document or site name
4. Date of publication or latest update
5. URL of the source
6. The date you visited the site
Here's what it looks
like:
Lancashire, Ian.
"Interview with Rob Steiner." Ian's Home Page.
1 May 1997. <http://www.chass.utoronto.index.html>.
6 June 1998.
TOP OF
PAGE
FTP
(File Transfer Protocol) document
Here's what you
need:
1. Last and first name
of author (if available)
2. Title of article
3. Date of publication
4. Address and path of the ftp site
5. The date you visited the site
Here's what it looks
like:
Bruckman, Amy.
"Approaches to Managing Virtual Communities." April 1994.
<ftp://ftp.media.mit.edu/pub/asb/papers/virtual-chi94.txt.>.
4 Dec. 1994.
TOP OF
PAGE
CD-ROM
publication
Here's what you
need:
1. Last and first name
of author
2. Title of article
3. Title of publication
4. Any version or edition numbers
5. Name of the series (if available)
6. City of publication (if available)
7. Name of publisher
8. Copyright date
Here's what it looks
like:
Zieger, Herman E.
"Aldehyde." The Software Toolwork Multimedia
Encyclopedia. Vers. 1.5. Software Toolworks.
Boston:
Grolier,
1992.
TOP OF
PAGE
|
Things to
notice:
 The
dictionary defines "cite" this way: "to mention as support,
illustration or proof." A bibliography is a list of
"citations." It shows what you read that gave support in
your research.
Be
sure to alphabetize your bibliography page by author's last
name or the first word of the title if the author's name is
not available.
Titles
of books, encyclopedias, newspapers, magazines and movies
are always underlined.
You
can't see it on this web page, but whenever an entry runs
for more than one line, you need to indent the second line
five spaces. This is called a "hanging indent."
Always
put a comma between the author's last and first name and a
period after the whole author entry.
In
this example, "ed" is the abbreviation for
"editor."
Did
you notice the comma separating the name of the publisher
and the copyright date?
Did
you see that there's a period after the title of books and
articles? Where else are periods located?
There's a colon ":" after the city of
publication.
In
this entry, the name of the author of the essay comes before
the name of the author/editor of the book.
Titles
of essays, articles, short stories, songs and poems always
have quotation marks around them.
Did
you guess that here "ed" is an abbreviation for
"edition"?
"Periodical"
is another word for "magazine."
Did
you see the way the period goes inside the quotation marks
surrounding the title of the article?
There
are no punctuation marks separating the name of the
periodical, the day, month and year.
Look
at how a roman numeral is used for the section
number.
I'm
sure you were aware that "sec" stands for "section."
Some
style guides say that you should put the URL in angle
brackets.
Please note: The
people in charge of deciding how to write a reference
citation have not really figured this WWW stuff out yet.
Five different people will show you five different styles.
They're still learning and developing when it comes to the
Internet!
Did
you catch the period after the last angle
bracket?
Wow!
That's a lot of stuff!
Did
you memorize all that? Of course not! When you need to write
your bibliography, come on back here and see how it's done.
Remember
to bookmark this page.
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